Rainfall Data as an Indicator of Climate Change (Case Study: Kuta District, Badung Regency)
Keywords:
Climate Change, CHIRPS, Rainfall, Kuta, Remote Sensing
Abstract
Climate change is a global issue that has a clear impact on rainfall patterns, especially in coastal areas. This study examines rainfall changes in Kuta District, Badung Regency, using CHIRPS satellite data from 1981 to 2024. The validity of CHIRPS data was confirmed by comparing it with data from the Ngurah Rai meteorological station (1 station; 1981–2020 period; monthly scale) by matching the CHIRPS grid to the station location. The validation showed a high level of accuracy (r = 0.934; R² = 0.878), thus proving the reliability of CHIRPS as a data source. Trend analysis using the Mann-Kendall test, along with Sen's slope calculation (+7.92 mm/year; 95% CI), showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05). Furthermore, trend testing on the extreme rainfall intensity index (R50mm, RX1day) revealed an increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall after 2019, which was confirmed by indications of abrupt changes based on the Pettitt test. The results of this study align with scientific publications and climate change projections in tropical regions. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring using remote sensing technology in areas with limited rain gauge stations. These findings imply the need to formulate adaptation strategies related to hydrometeorology and improved water resource management.
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References
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Cipto, H., Harisuseso, D., & Fidari, J. S. (2023). Studi Pemanfaatan Data Satelit CHIRPS Untuk Estimasi Curah Hujan Di Sub DAS Abab. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air, 3(2), 540–549. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2023.003.02.046
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Condom, T., Martínez, R., Pabón, J. D., Costa, F., Pineda, L., Nieto, J. J., López, F., & Villacis, M. (2020). Climatological and Hydrological Observations for the South American Andes: In situ Stations, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data Sets. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8(April), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00092
Dasanto, B. D., Sulistiyanti, S., Anria, A., & Boer, R. (2022). Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Kenaikan Muka Air Laut Di Wilayah Pesisir Pangandaran. RISALAH KEBIJAKAN PERTANIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN Rumusan Kajian Strategis Bidang Pertanian Dan Lingkungan, 9(2), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.29244/jkebijakan.v9i2.28039
Faisol, A., Indarto, Novita, E., & Budiyono. (2020). Komparasi Antara Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation With. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian ANDALAS, 24(2), 148–156.
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S., Husak, G., Rowland, J., Harrison, L., Hoell, A., & Michaelsen, J. (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations - A new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific Data, 2, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66
Gebremedhin, M. A., Lubczynski, M. W., Maathuis, B. H. P., & Teka, D. (2021). Novel approach to integrate daily satellite rainfall with in-situ rainfall, Upper Tekeze Basin, Ethiopia. Atmospheric Research, 248(July 2020), 105135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105135
Hadi, B. S. (2017). Deteksi Gejala Klimatologis Dan Pemantauan Perubahan Iklim Global Dengan Teknik Penginderaan Jauh. Geomedia: Majalah Ilmiah Dan Informasi Kegeografian, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/gm.v5i2.14196
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Jayanti, R. D. (2017). PEMANFAATAN PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK ANALISIS PERUBAHAN IKLIM BERDASARKAN SUHU PERMUKAAN PADA TAHUN 2007 - 2016 (Studi kasus : Kota Surabaya).
Liu, X., Liu, F. M., Wang, X. X., Li, X. D., Fan, Y. Y., Cai, S. X., & Ao, T. Q. (2017). Combining rainfall data from rain gauges and TRMM in hydrological modelling of Laotian data-sparse basins. Applied Water Science, 7(3), 1487–1496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0330-y
Macharia, D., Fankhauser, K., Selker, J. S., Neff, J. C., & Thomas, E. A. (2022). Validation and Intercomparison of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products over Africa with TAHMO in-Situ Rainfall Observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology.
Nashwan, M.S., Shahid, S., Dewan, A., Ismail, T., & Alias, N. (2020). Performance of Five High Resolution Satellite-Based Precipitation Products in Arid Region of Egypt: An Evaluation. Atmospheric Research.
Nisa, D. K., Qomariyah, S., & Solichin, S. (2015). Analisis Indikasi Perubahan Iklim (Hujan) Di Wilayah Kota Surakarta. Matriks Teknik Sipil, 3(1), 285. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/matriks/article/view/37338
Paredes-Trejo, F., Alves Barbosa, H., Kumar, Venkata Lakshmi T., Thakur, K. M., & Buriti, C. de O. (2021). Assessment of the CHIRPS-Based Satellite Precipitation Estimates. In Inland Waters - Dynamics and Ecology.
Prayoga, B. R. M., Yananto, A., & Kusumo, A. Della. (2017). ANALISIS KORELASI KERAPATAN TITIK API DENGAN CURAH HUJAN DI PULAU SUMATERA DAN KALIMANTAN Correlational Analysis between Hotspots Density and Rainfall in Sumatera and Kalimantan. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 18(1), 17–24.
Setiawan, O. (2017). ANALISIS VARIABILITAS CURAH HUJAN DAN SUHU DI BALI. Balai Penelitian Teknologi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu, 9(1), 66–79.
Supari, Tangang, F., Juneng, L., & Aldrian, E. (2017). Observed changes in extreme temperature and precipitation over Indonesia. International Journal of Climatology, 37(4), 1979–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4829
Suryanto, J., Amprin, & Anisum. (2023). Validasi Curah Hujan Harian Chirps Precipitation Satellite Product Di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian Dan Biosistem, 11(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v11i1.442
Suwarman, R., Riawan, E., Simanjuntak, Y. S. M., & Irawan, D. E. (2022). Kajian Perubahan Iklim di Pesisir Jakarta Berdasarkan Data Curah Hujan dan Temperatur. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 11(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v11i1.42749
Wild, A., Chua, Z., & Kuleshov, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the South West Pacific Region. Remote Sensing, 13(19), 29–39.
Wiwoho, B. S., Astuti, I. S., Alfarizi, I. A. G., & Sucahyo, H. R. (2021). Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling. Hydrology, 8(4).
Yépez, S., Velásquez, G., Torres, D., Saavedra-Passache, R., Pincheira, M., Cid, H., Rodríguez-López, L., Contreras, A., Frappart, F., Cristóbal, J., Pons, X., Flores, N., & Bourrel, L. (2024). Spatiotemporal Variations in Biophysical Water Quality Parameters: An Integrated In Situ and Remote Sensing Analysis of an Urban Lake in Chile. Remote Sensing, 16(2).
Yusuf, D. (2017). Penginderaan Jauh.
Zikra, M., Suntoyo, & Lukijanto. (2015). Climate Change Impacts on Indonesian Coastal Areas. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14(April 2016), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.085
Published
2025-09-28
How to Cite
Yasa, I. P. B. R. S., Pujianiki, N. N., & Pariartha, I. P. G. S. (2025). Rainfall Data as an Indicator of Climate Change (Case Study: Kuta District, Badung Regency). Sainteks: Jurnal Sain Dan Teknik, 7(02), 288-299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37577/sainteks.v7i02.941
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Articles
